Merge "Add split-controlplane spec"

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========================================================
TripleO Split Control Plane from Compute/Storage Support
========================================================
https://blueprints.launchpad.net/tripleo/+spec/split-controlplane
This spec introduces support for a mode of deployment where the controlplane
nodes are deployed and then batches of compute/storage nodes can be added
independently.
Problem Description
===================
Currently tripleo deploys all services, for all roles (groups of nodes) in
a single heat stack. This works quite well for small to medium size deployments
but for very large environments, there is considerable benefit to dividing the
batches of nodes, e.g when deploying many hundreds/thousands of compute nodes.
* Scalability can be improved when deploying a fairly static controlplane then
adding batches of e.g compute nodes when demand requires scale out. The overhead
of updating all the nodes in every role for any scale out operation is non-trivial
and although this is somewhat mitigated by the split from heat deployed servers
to config download & ansible for configuration, making modular deployments easier
is of benefit when needing to scale deployments to very large environments.
* Risk reduction - there are often requests to avoid any update to controlplane
nodes when adding capacity for e.g compute or storage, and modular deployments
makes this easier as no modification is required to the controalplane nodes to
e.g add compute nodes.
This spec is not intended to cover all the possible ways achieving modular deployments,
but instead outline the requirements and give an overview of the interfaces we need to
consider to enable this flexibility.
Proposed Change
===============
Overview
--------
To enable incremental changes, I'm assuming we could still deploy the controlplane
nodes via the existing architecture, e.g Heat deploys the nodes/networks and we
then use config download to configure those nodes via ansible.
To deploy compute nodes, we have several options:
1. Deploy multiple "compute only" heat stacks, which would generate
ansible playbooks via config download, and consume some output data
from the controlplane stack.
2. Deploy additional nodes via mistral, then configure them via
ansible (today this still requires heat to generate the
playbooks/inventory even if it's a transient stack).
3. Deploy nodes via ansible, then configure them via ansible (again,
with the config download mechanism we have available today we'd
need heat to generate the configuration data).
The above doesn't consider a "pure ansible" solution as we would have to first make ansible
role equivalents for all the composable service templates available, and that effort
is out of scope for this spec.
Scope and Phases
----------------
The three items listed in the overview cover an incremental approach
and the first phase is to implement the first item. Though this item
adds an additional dependency on Heat, this is done only to allow the
desired functionality using what is available today. In future phases
any additional dependency on Heat will need to be addressed and any
changes done during the first phase should be minimal and focus on
parameter exposure between Heat stacks. Implementation of the other
items in the overview could span multiple OpenStack development cycles
and additional details may need to be addressed in future
specifications.
If a deployer is able to do the following simple scenario, then this
specification is implemented as phase 1 of the larger feature:
- Deploy a single undercloud with one control-plane network
- Create a Heat stack called overcloud-controllers with 0 compute nodes
- Create a Heat stack called overcloud-computes which may be used by the controllers
- Use the APIs of the controllers to boot an instance on the computes deployed from the overcloud-computes Heat stack
In the above scenario the majority of the work involves exposing the
correct parameters between Heat stacks so that a controller node is
able to use a compute node as if it were an external service. This is
analogous to how TripleO provides a template where properties of an
external Ceph cluster may be used by TripleO to configure a service
like Cinder which uses the external Ceph cluster.
The simple scenario above is possible without network isolation. In
the more complex workload site vs control site scenario, described
in the following section, network traffic will not be routed through
the controller. How the networking aspect of that deployment scenario
is managed will need to be addressed in a separate specification and
the overall effort will likely to span multiple OpenStack development
cycles.
For the phase of implementation covered in this specification, the
compute nodes will be PXE booted by Ironic from the same provisioning
network as the controller nodes during deployment. Instances booted on
these compute nodes could connect to a provider network to which their
compute nodes have direct access. Alternatively these compute nodes
could be deployed with physical access to the network which hosts
the overlay networks. The resulting overcloud should look the same as
one in which the compute nodes were deployed as part of the overcloud
Heat stack. Thus, the controller and compute nodes will run the same
services they normally would regardless of if the deployment were
split between two undercloud Heat stacks. The services on the
controller and compute nodes could be composed to multiple servers
but determining the limits of composition is out of scope for the
first phase.
Example Usecase Scenario: Workload vs Control Sites
---------------------------------------------------
One application of this feature includes the ability to deploy
separate workload and control sites. A control site provides
management and OpenStack API services, e.g. the Nova API and
Scheduler. A workload site provides resources needed only by the
workload, e.g. Nova compute resources with local storage in
availability zones which directly serve workload network traffic
without routing back to the control site. Though there would be
additional latency between the control site and workload site with
respect to managing instances, there would be no reason that the
workload itself could not perform adequately once running and each
workload site would have a smaller footprint.
.. image:: ../../images/split-controlplane/ceph-details.png
:height: 445px
:width: 629px
:alt: Diagram of an example control site with multiple workload sites
:align: center
This scenario is included in this specification as an example
application of the feature. This specification does not aim to address
all of the details of operating separate control and workload sites
but only to describe how the proposed feature, *deployment of
independent controlplane and compute nodes*, for TripleO could be
built upon to simplify deployment of such sites in future versions of
TripleO. For example the blueprint to make it possible to deploy
multiple Ceph clusters in the overcloud [1]_ could be applied to
provide a separate Ceph cluster per workload site, but its scope only
focuses on changes to roles in order to enable only that feature; it
is orthogonal to this proposal.
Alternatives
------------
Alternatives to the incremental change outlined in the overview include reimplementing service
configuration in ansible, such that nodes can be configured via playbooks without dependency
on the existing heat+ansible architecture. Work is ongoing in this area e.g the ansible roles
to deploy services on k8s, but this spec is primarily concerned with finding an interim
solution that enables our current architecture to scale to very large deployments.
Security Impact
---------------
Potentially sensitive data such as passwords will need to be shared between the controlplane
stack and the compute-only deployments. Given the admin-only nature of the undercloud I think
this is OK.
Other End User Impact
---------------------
Users will have more flexibility and control with regard to how they
choose to scale their deployments. An example of this includes
separate control and workload sites as mentioned in the example use
case scenario.
Performance Impact
------------------
Potentially better performance at scale, although the total time could be increased assuming
each scale out is serialized.
Other Deployer Impact
---------------------
None
Developer Impact
----------------
It is already possible to deploy multiple overcloud Heat stacks from
one undercloud, but if there are parts of the TripleO tool-chain which
assume a single Heat stack, they made need to be updated.
Implementation
==============
Assignee(s)
-----------
Primary assignee:
shardy
Other assignees:
gfidente
fultonj
Work Items
----------
* Proof of concept showing how to deploy independent controlplane and compute nodes using already landed patches [2]_ and by overriding the EndpointMap
* If there are problems with overriding the EndpointMap, rework all-nodes-config to output the "all nodes" hieradata and vip details, such that they could span stacks
* Determine what data are missing in each stack and propose patches to expose the missing data to each stack that needs it
* Modify the proof of concept to support adding a separate and minimal ceph cluster (mon, mgr, osd) through a heat stack separate from the controller node's heat stack.
* Refine how the data is shared between each stack to improve the user experience
* Update the documentation to include an example of the new deployment method
* Retrospect and write a follow up specification covering details necessary for the next phase
Dependencies
============
None.
Testing
=======
Ideally scale testing will be performed to validate the scalability
aspects of this work. For the first phase, any changes done to enable
the simple scenario described under Scope and Phases will be tested
manually and the existing CI will ensure they do not break current
functionality. Changes implemented in the follow up phases could have
CI scenarios added.
Documentation Impact
====================
The deployment documation will need to be updated to cover the configuration of
split controlplane environments.
References
==========
.. [1] `Make it possible to deploy multiple Ceph clusters in the overcloud <https://blueprints.launchpad.net/tripleo/+spec/deploy-multiple-ceph-clusters>`_
.. [2] `Topic: topic:compute_only_stack2 <https://review.openstack.org/#/q/topic:compute_only_stack2>`_