Merge "docs: Secure live migration with QEMU-native TLS"
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@ -46,3 +46,4 @@ operating system, and exposes functionality over a web-based API.
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ssh-configuration.rst
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support-compute.rst
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system-admin.rst
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secure-live-migration-with-qemu-native-tls.rst
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@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
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==========================================
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Secure live migration with QEMU-native TLS
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==========================================
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Context
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~~~~~~~
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The encryption offered by nova's
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:oslo.config:option:`libvirt.live_migration_tunnelled` does not secure
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all the different migration streams of a nova instance, namely: guest
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RAM, device state, and disks (via NBD) when using non-shared storage.
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Further, the "tunnelling via libvirtd" has inherent limitations: (a) it
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cannot handle live migration of disks in a non-shared storage setup
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(a.k.a. "block migration"); and (b) has a huge performance overhead and
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latency, because it burns more CPU and memory bandwidth due to increased
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number of data copies on both source and destination hosts.
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To solve this existing limitation, QEMU and libvirt have gained (refer
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:ref:`below <Prerequisites>` for version details) support for "native
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TLS", i.e. TLS built into QEMU. This will secure all data transports,
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including disks that are not on shared storage, without incurring the
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limitations of the "tunnelled via libvirtd" transport.
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To take advantage of the "native TLS" support in QEMU and libvirt, nova
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has introduced new configuration attribute
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:oslo.config:option:`libvirt.live_migration_with_native_tls`.
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.. _`Prerequisites`:
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Prerequisites
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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(1) Version requirement: This feature needs at least libvirt 4.4.0 and
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QEMU 2.11.
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(2) A pre-configured TLS environment—i.e. CA, server, and client
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certificates, their file permissions, et al—must be "correctly"
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configured (typically by an installer tool) on all relevant compute
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nodes. To simplify your PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) setup, use
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deployment tools that take care of handling all the certificate
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lifecycle management. For example, refer to the "`TLS everywhere
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<https://docs.openstack.org/tripleo-docs/latest/install/advanced_deployment/tls_everywhere.html>`__"
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guide from the TripleO project.
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(3) Password-less SSH setup for all relevant compute nodes.
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(4) On all relevant compute nodes, ensure the TLS-related config
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attributes in ``/etc/libvirt/qemu.conf`` are in place::
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default_tls_x509_cert_dir = "/etc/pki/qemu"
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default_tls_x509_verify = 1
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If it is not already configured, modify ``/etc/sysconfig/libvirtd``
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on both (ComputeNode1 & ComputeNode2) to listen for TCP/IP
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connections::
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LIBVIRTD_ARGS="--listen"
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Then, restart the libvirt daemon (also on both nodes)::
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$ systemctl restart libvirtd
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Refer to the "`Related information`_" section on a note about the
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other TLS-related configuration attributes in
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``/etc/libvirt/qemu.conf``.
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Validating your TLS environment on compute nodes
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Assuming you have two compute hosts (``ComputeNode1``, and
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``ComputeNode2``) run the :command:`virt-pki-validate` tool (comes with
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the ``libvirt-client`` package on your Linux distribution) on both the
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nodes to ensure all the necessary PKI files are configured are
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configured::
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[ComputeNode1]$ virt-pki-validate
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Found /usr/bin/certtool
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Found CA certificate /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem for TLS Migration Test
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Found client certificate /etc/pki/libvirt/clientcert.pem for ComputeNode1
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Found client private key /etc/pki/libvirt/private/clientkey.pem
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Found server certificate /etc/pki/libvirt/servercert.pem for ComputeNode1
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Found server private key /etc/pki/libvirt/private/serverkey.pem
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Make sure /etc/sysconfig/libvirtd is setup to listen to
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TCP/IP connections and restart the libvirtd service
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[ComputeNode2]$ virt-pki-validate
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Found /usr/bin/certtool
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Found CA certificate /etc/pki/CA/cacert.pem for TLS Migration Test
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Found client certificate /etc/pki/libvirt/clientcert.pem for ComputeNode2
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Found client private key /etc/pki/libvirt/private/clientkey.pem
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Found server certificate /etc/pki/libvirt/servercert.pem for ComputeNode2
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Found server private key /etc/pki/libvirt/private/serverkey.pem
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Make sure /etc/sysconfig/libvirtd is setup to listen to
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TCP/IP connections and restart the libvirtd service
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Other TLS environment related checks on compute nodes
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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**IMPORTANT**: Ensure that the permissions of certificate files and keys
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in ``/etc/pki/qemu/*`` directory on both source *and* destination
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compute nodes to be the following ``0640`` with ``root:qemu`` as the
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group/user. For example, on a Fedora-based system::
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$ ls -lasrtZ /etc/pki/qemu
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total 32
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0 drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root system_u:object_r:cert_t:s0 110 Dec 10 10:39 ..
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4 -rw-r-----. 1 root qemu unconfined_u:object_r:cert_t:s0 1464 Dec 10 11:08 ca-cert.pem
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4 -rw-r-----. 1 root qemu unconfined_u:object_r:cert_t:s0 1558 Dec 10 11:08 server-cert.pem
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4 -rw-r-----. 1 root qemu unconfined_u:object_r:cert_t:s0 1619 Dec 10 11:09 client-cert.pem
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8 -rw-r-----. 1 root qemu unconfined_u:object_r:cert_t:s0 8180 Dec 10 11:09 client-key.pem
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8 -rw-r-----. 1 root qemu unconfined_u:object_r:cert_t:s0 8177 Dec 11 05:35 server-key.pem
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0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root unconfined_u:object_r:cert_t:s0 146 Dec 11 06:01 .
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Performing the migration
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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(1) On all relevant compute nodes, enable the
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:oslo.config:option:`libvirt.live_migration_with_native_tls`
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configuration attribute::
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[libvirt]
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live_migration_with_native_tls = true
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.. note::
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Setting both
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:oslo.config:option:`libvirt.live_migration_with_native_tls` and
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:oslo.config:option:`libvirt.live_migration_tunnelled` at the
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same time is invalid (and disallowed).
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And restart the ``nova-compute`` service::
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$ systemctl restart openstack-nova-compute
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(2) Now that all TLS-related configuration is in place, migrate guests
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(with or without shared storage) from ``ComputeNode1`` to
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``ComputeNode2``. Refer to the :doc:`live-migration-usage` document
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on details about live migration.
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.. _`Related information`:
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Related information
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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- If you have the relevant libvirt and QEMU versions (mentioned in the
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"`Prerequisites`_" section earlier), then using the
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:oslo.config:option:`libvirt.live_migration_with_native_tls` is
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strongly recommended over the more limited
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:oslo.config:option:`libvirt.live_migration_tunnelled` option, which
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is intended to be deprecated in future.
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- There are in total *nine* TLS-related config options in
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``/etc/libvirt/qemu.conf``::
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default_tls_x509_cert_dir
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default_tls_x509_verify
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nbd_tls
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nbd_tls_x509_cert_dir
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migrate_tls_x509_cert_dir
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vnc_tls_x509_cert_dir
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spice_tls_x509_cert_dir
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vxhs_tls_x509_cert_dir
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chardev_tls_x509_cert_dir
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If you set both ``default_tls_x509_cert_dir`` and
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``default_tls_x509_verify`` parameters for all certificates, there is
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no need to specify any of the other ``*_tls*`` config options.
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The intention (of libvirt) is that you can just use the
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``default_tls_x509_*`` config attributes so that you don't need to set
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any other ``*_tls*`` parameters, _unless_ you need different
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certificates for some services. The rationale for that is that some
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services (e.g. migration / NBD) are only exposed to internal
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infrastructure; while some sevices (VNC, Spice) might be exposed
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publically, so might need different certificates. For OpenStack this
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does not matter, though, we will stick with the defaults.
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- If they are not already open, ensure you open up these TCP ports on
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your firewall: ``16514`` (where the authenticated and encrypted TCP/IP
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socket will be listeing on) and ``49152-49215`` (for regular
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migration) on all relevant compute nodes. (Otherwise you get
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``error: internal error: unable to execute QEMU command
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'drive-mirror': Failed to connect socket: No route to host``).
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@ -172,6 +172,11 @@ latex_documents = [
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# -- Options for openstackdocstheme -------------------------------------------
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# keep this ordered to keep mriedem happy
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#
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# NOTE(kchamart): Versioned TripleO Docs is not a yet a "thing". Remove
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# this note when they can be versioned, and add 'tripleo-docs' to the
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# set of projects below.
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openstack_projects = [
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'ceilometer',
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'cinder',
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