Merge "Support External Keymanager for auth credential"
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported
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License.
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http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/legalcode
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==============================================================
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Support an external key manager for authentication credentials
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==============================================================
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This specification describes the encryption and decryption methods
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for authentication credentials in Tacker by using an external key manager
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service such as OpenStack Key Manager (barbican) [#OpenStack_Key_Manager]_.
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Problem description
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===================
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Tacker stores some authentication credentials in Tacker DB.
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However, in the case of the actual NFV operation of Tacker,
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these information should be encrypted for secure NFV
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management and security requirements to prevent
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eavesdropping and data exploitation by attackers.
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The following is a sample of VnfInstanceV2.vimConnectionInfo (Kubernetes):
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authentication credentials are password, bearer_token and client_secret.
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.. code-block::
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{
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"vim1": {
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"vimType": "ETSINFV.KUBERNETES.V_1",
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"accessInfo": {
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"username": "nfv_user",
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"password": "password",
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"bearer_token": "bearer_token",
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"client_secret": "client_secret"
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},
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"interfaceInfo": {
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"endpoint":"http://123.124.64.6:8443",
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"ssl_ca_cert": "ssl_ca_cert"
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}
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}
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}
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This specification proposes an encryption and decryption implementations
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using a common key scheme using "cryptography" library and an external
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key management service to manage credentials and keys securely.
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Proposed change
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===============
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The following changes will be proposed:
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#. Add utility functions to integrate with an external key manager.
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#. Add sample implementations with v2API and OpenStack Key Manager.
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#. Add configuration options.
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Add utility functions to integrate with an external key manager
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---------------------------------------------------------------
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Since Tacker stores sensitive credentials in multiple DB tables,
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this specification will implement common utility functions to
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encrypt and decrypt the credentials in cooperation with
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an external key manager are required for both v1 and v2 API.
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Examples of authentication credentials to be encrypted
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The following is a list of examples of authentication credentials
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to be encrypted in Tacker.
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* accessInfo in VimConnectionInfo:
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password, bearer_token, and client_secret
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* paramsBasic and paramsOauth2ClientCredentials in authentication:
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password and clientPassword
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* metadata.targetsInfo.authInfo in Prometheus Plugin:
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ssh_password
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.. note::
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This function will use generically for other sensitive information too.
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We will analysis and add more detailed target data
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if new targets are found during our implementation.
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common utility functions include three main roles:
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1. Manage encryption keys in cooperation with an external key manager.
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It enables the registration and deletion of encryption keys.
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2. Encrypt the authentication credentials using the encryption key
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and store them to Tacker DB.
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3. Decrypt the authentication credentials stored in Tacker DB
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by the decryption key and use them for VNF operations.
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Users can perform VNF operations without awareness of this process.
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On the other hand, the authentication credential is encrypted in tacker DB
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and the possibility of eavesdropping or data data exploitation is reduced.
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Two types of encryption keys are created: master key and table key.
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The table key is used to encrypt authentication information,
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and the master key is used to encrypt the table key.
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The table key is created when authentication information
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is saved in the DB, and the master key is created when Tacker is started.
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The table key and master key are stored in
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a new table created to store the encryption key.
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Add sample implementations with v2API and Barbican
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--------------------------------------------------
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In this specification, it implements a sample usecase for
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encryption and decryption of authentication credentials
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to integrates with barbican [#OpenStack_Key_Manager]_
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in v2 API.
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Example of proposed sequences in VNF LCM
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The following is an example of sequence for encryption and decryption
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of authentication credentials in VNF LCM operations under consideration.
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The following is a flow of Instantiation of a VNF instance
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with barbican under consideration.
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.. seqdiag::
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seqdiag {
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Client; NFVO; tacker-server; tacker-conductor; VnfLcmDriver; TackerDB; Barbican;
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Client -> "tacker-server"
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[label = "POST /vnflcm/v2/vnf_instances/{vnfInstanceId}/instantiate"];
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Client <-- "tacker-server" [label = "202 Accepted"];
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"tacker-server" -> "tacker-conductor"
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[label = "trigger asynchronous task"];
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NFVO <- "tacker-conductor" [label = "POST /grants"];
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NFVO --> "tacker-conductor" [label = "201 Created"];
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"tacker-conductor" -> "tacker-conductor" [label = "encrypt auth credentials"];
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"tacker-conductor" -> "Barbican" [label = "register the encryption key"];
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"tacker-conductor" <-- "Barbican" [label = "200 Successful Request"];
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"tacker-conductor" -> "VnfLcmDriver" [label = "execute VnfLcmDriver"];
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"tacker-conductor" <-- "VnfLcmDriver" [label = ""];
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"tacker-conductor" -> "TackerDB" [label = "store encrypted auth credentials"];
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"tacker-conductor" <-- "TackerDB" [label = ""];
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}
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The following is a flow of Termination of a VNF instance
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with barbican.
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.. seqdiag::
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seqdiag {
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Client; NFVO; tacker-server; tacker-conductor; VnfLcmDriver; TackerDB; Barbican;
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Client -> "tacker-server"
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[label = "POST /vnflcm/v2/vnf_instances/{vnfInstanceId}/terminate"];
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Client <-- "tacker-server" [label = "Response 202 Accepted"];
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"tacker-server" -> "tacker-conductor"
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[label = "trigger asynchronous task"];
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NFVO <- "tacker-conductor" [label = "POST /grants"];
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NFVO --> "tacker-conductor" [label = "201 Created"];
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"tacker-conductor" -> "TackerDB" [label = "load encrypted auth credentials"];
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"tacker-conductor" <-- "TackerDB" [label = ""];
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"tacker-conductor" -> "Barbican" [label = "get the encryption key"];
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"tacker-conductor" <-- "Barbican" [label = "200 Successful Request"];
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"tacker-conductor" -> "tacker-conductor" [label = "decrypt the encrypted auth credentials"];
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"tacker-conductor" -> "VnfLcmDriver" [label = "execute VnfLcmDriver"];
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"tacker-conductor" <-- "VnfLcmDriver" [label = ""];
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"tacker-conductor" -> "Barbican" [label = "delete the encryption key"];
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"tacker-conductor" <-- "Barbican" [label = "204 No Content"];
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}
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Add configuration options
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--------------------------
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As the function defined in this specification changes the default sequences,
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it is suggested to add a configuration option to the
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``tacker.conf`` file.
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Therefore, users can choose whether to enable this function or not.
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+ Boolean value of "use_credential_encryption"
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This parameter determines whether using encryption.
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Default value: "false"
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+ String value of "keymanager_type"
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This parameter determines the type of external key management service.
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Default value: "barbican"
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+ String value of "crypt_key_dir".
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This parameter specifies the path where the encryption key is stored.
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Default value: ""
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.. note::
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barbican will be supported in Tacker Bobcat cycle.
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If other external key management services will be supported in the future,
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this parameter allows the target service to be changed.
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As a suggested implementation, when the ``use_credential_encryption`` is True,
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the function of encryption and decryption of authentication credentials takes effect;
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When ``use_credential_encryption`` is False, this function will not performed.
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Alternatives
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------------
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None
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Data model impact
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-----------------
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The key-related information (e.g., key type, key id)
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of the external key manager needs to be added in the data model.
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.. list-table::
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:widths: 15 10 30
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:header-rows: 1
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* - Attribute name
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- Data type
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- Parameter description
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* - id
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- String
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- id of key information (primary key)
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* - secret_uuid
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- String
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- uuid of master key registered in barbican
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* - encrypted_key
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- String
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- table key for tacker
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* - key_type
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- String
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- how to retain master key. local or barbican
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* - in_use
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- Boolean
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- Flag of the latest key is used
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REST API impact
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---------------
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None
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Security impact
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---------------
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If this change will be applied, the authentication credentials in Tacker DB
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will be encrypted with the encryption key, so encryption keys must
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be secured by an external key manager.
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The option to store encryption keys in the local is also allowed,
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but is deprecated in the production environment.
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In addition, encryption keys need to be backup so that users can
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decrypt the credentials in case of failure or disaster recovery.
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The following is an example of key backup when using barbican [#OpenStack_Key_Manager]_
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as an external key manager.
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Key backup methods by Barbican
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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The process for backup and restore of encryption keys will
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vary depending on the type of backend.
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Two separate components need to be backed up for simple
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crypto back end: the Key Encryption Key (KEK) and the database.
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* Backup and restore KEK.
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For the simple crypto back end, to backup the ``barbican.conf`` file
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that contains the master encryption key; KEK is written.
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This file must be backed up to a security hardened location.
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The actual data is stored in the Barbican database.
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To restore the key from a backup, it needs to copy the restored
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``barbican.conf`` over the existing ``barbican.conf``.
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* Backup and restore the barbican database.
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Run the following steps while logged in to the ``controller-0`` node.
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1. Retrieve barbican user password
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2. Backup the barbican database
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3. Database backup is stored in ``/home/heat-admin``
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4. Restore the databases
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.. note::
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Only the user barbican has access to the barbican database.
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So the barbican user password is required to backup or
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restore the database.
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For more information, please refer to the
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OpenStack Key Manager backup documentation [#OpenStack_Key_Manager_Backup]_.
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Notifications impact
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--------------------
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None
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Other end user impact
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---------------------
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None
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Performance Impact
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------------------
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Tacker needs to access an external key manager service for
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both encryption and decryption of authentication credentials.
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The performance impact might be ``LOW`` if there are few
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cases to use the encrypted authentication credentials that
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each time the Rest API is called.
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However, the impact might be ``HIGH`` if it needs access to
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an external key manager for every single data in the DB table.
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Implementation policies need to be carefully decided.
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Other deployer impact
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---------------------
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None
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Developer impact
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----------------
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None
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Implementation
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==============
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Assignee(s)
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-----------
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Primary assignee:
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Kenta Fukaya <kenta.fukaya@ntt.com>
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Yuta Kazato <yuta.kazato@ntt.com>
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Other contributors:
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Yusuke Niimi <niimi.yusuke@fujitsu.com>
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Yoshiyuki Katada <katada.yoshiyuk@fujitsu.com>
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Ayumu Ueha <ueha.ayumu@fujitsu.com>
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Work Items
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----------
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+ Implement Tacker to support:
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+ Add utility functions to integrate with an external key manager
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+ Add sample implementations with v2API and OpenStack Key Manager
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+ Add a configuration option.
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+ Add new unit and functional tests.
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+ Write Tacker documentation to explain how to use
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the function described in this specification.
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Dependencies
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============
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+ Encryption methods for authentication credentials
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Depends on Secret Stores API in barbican [#Barbican_Stores_API]_.
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+ Decryption methods for authentication credentials
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Depends on Secret Get by UUID API in barbican [#Barbican_Get_API]_.
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Testing
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=======
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Unit and functional tests will be added to cover cases required
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in this specification.
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Documentation Impact
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====================
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Add how to use external key management services via this function
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to Tacker User guide.
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References
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==========
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.. [#OpenStack_Key_Manager]
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https://docs.openstack.org/barbican/latest/
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.. [#OpenStack_Key_Manager_Backup]
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https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_openstack_platform/17.0/html/manage_secrets_with_openstack_key_manager/assembly-managing-secrets-and-keys_rhosp
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.. [#Barbican_Stores_API]
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https://docs.openstack.org/barbican/latest/api/reference/store_backends.html
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.. [#Barbican_Get_API]
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https://docs.openstack.org/barbican/latest/api/reference/secrets.html
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